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Mass market paperback. Judaica.
- Sales Rank: #64619 in Books
- Published on: 1978-06
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Binding: Paperback
- 318 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
122 of 124 people found the following review helpful.
New Light on the Dark Ages
By Acute Observer
The Thirteenth Tribe, Arthur Koestler
Arthur Koestler was born in Budapest, studied science and psychology in Vienna, and became a foreign correspondent for various European newspapers. He covered the Spanish Civil War, and later joined the French Foreign Legion, then the British Army. His most famous novel is "The Darkness at Noon". This 1976 book discusses the ancient Khazar Empire that flourished in the Dark Ages, the seventh to the tenth centuries between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, an area called Caucasia where the Aryans originated. They were wiped out by the forces of Genghis Khan. Some took refuge in Eastern Europe and had an impact on the racial composition and social heritage of modern Jewry.
Part One tells of the "Rise and Fall of the Khazars". Their cavalry was the origin of the word "Hussar". They adopted Judaism to avoid becoming a vassal of either the Christian ruler in Constantinople or the Moslem ruler in Babylon. Previously they worshiped pagan gods. Chapter III tells about their state at its peak. Emperor Leo the Khazar ruled Byzantium in 775-780. The invasions by Vikings or Norsemen affected many nations around Khazaria. The Khazar state disappeared by the end of the 13th century (p.132).
Part Two discusses "The Heritage" after the Mongol invasion. Khazar people migrated to the west (eastern Europe), such as in Hungary (p.142). The Black Death also depopulated the former Khazar heartland (p.144). Place names in the Ukraine and Poland are derived from `Khazar' or `Zhid' (p.145). The Polish kingdom attracted immigrants (p.149). Chapter VI discusses the migration of Jews into Europe since Roman times. The Black Death killed many, and led to the persecution of the Jews. Yiddish is an amalgam of Hebrew, medieval German, Slavonic, and other elements written in Hebrew characters (p.172). The `East-Middle German' dialects came from medieval Austria and Bavaria (p.173).
Chapter VIII discusses "Race and Myth" about the Sephardim and Ashkenazim. Physical anthropology shows too many differences among Jewish groups to form a race. In any nation there is a greater similarity between Jews and Gentiles than those in different countries. Interbreeding and proselytizing are noted in the Old Testament (p.187). The aquiline nose is found among North American Indians and various Caucasian tribes, but not among true Semites (p.191). A way of life affects not only facial expressions but also physical features (p.195).
Arthur Koestler tells about old friends who emigrated to the United States before World War II. They acquired "an American physiognomy" (p.195). [Ever notice how you can sometimes identify some Europeans as non-Americans by their face?] Koestler goes on to describe the effects of inbreeding, genetic drift, and selection. Koestler ends with his claim that world Jewry is of Khazar-Turkish rather than Semitic origin (p.199). The misconceptions about a "Jewish type" ignores geographic reality, social environment, and social inheritance. The four Appendices provide a background to this book.
67 of 71 people found the following review helpful.
Unbiased and Well Researched
By Carlos Romero natural cinephile
Arthur Koestler deserved a lot of respect and admiration, for having the courage and willingness to explore a touchy and controversial subject for most anthropologists. The book was well-written and researched (Mr. Koestler was an established author and thinker), and he provided insightful anecdotes when documentary evidence was lacking. Anyone interested in reading this book, should have a better than average understanding of the history of the Jewish people (especially of the Diaspora and post-Diaspora), the Central Asian tribal groups, Western Europe (during the Dark Ages), and of the Byzantine Empire. But the reader should be open to divergent views of the history of the peoples in question. The author made a good case for his hypothesis, and presented this in a concise and sometimes humorous way, that demonstrated his own personal experience with bias and prejudice. Far more groups of races and nations on this earth: India, Persia, Egypt, Hellas, Judea, etc., etc. in the course of human history (especially in the Old World of Asia Minor), were/are interrelated than scholars and academics are willing to admit or explore for obvious reasons (they will not go against the status quo). There was nothing presented here that showed or suggested, that the Jewish people do not deserve our respect and admiration for retaining their unique identity and heritage. Especially, in a world that has treated them with the utmost hostility throughout most of their history, save for a few exceptions. I will be looking forward to reading more of Arthur Koestler's books. (BTW: "Darkness at Noon" is an excellent novel by Arthur Koestler, the book predates Orwell's "1984" by nine years, and their both very similar.)
Love and Peace,
Carlos Romero
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
I got mine but im not happy to it
By Amazon Customer
I got mine but im not happy to it .because it looks and smells old.the first page doesnt look good.and it didn't meet my expectation.o thought it was a big size of book but I was wrong its only the same size of a Nobel booklet.you really need TLC to just read it or else you will regret it.its too fragile.
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